M'nkhaniyi, tiwona matekinoloje angapo ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zopangira, mapindu ake, zinthu zofunika kuziganizira, ndi zina zambiri.
Mawu Oyamba
Zigawo zopangira zopangira - zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zogwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto - zimatanthawuza njira yogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo kuti apange gawo lomwe lapangidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito pomaliza, mosiyana ndi chitsanzo kapena chitsanzo.Onani kalozera wathu kukupanga prototypes zoyambakuti mudziwe zambiri za izi.
Kuonetsetsa kuti mbali zanu zimagwira ntchito m'malo enieni - monga zida zamakina, zida zamagalimoto, zinthu za ogula, kapena ntchito ina iliyonse - kupanga kuyenera kuyandikira ndikuganizira izi.Kuti mupange bwino komanso moyenera magawo opangira, muyenera kuganizira za zida, kapangidwe kake, ndi njira zopangira kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukukwaniritsa zofunikira, chitetezo, komanso zofunikira.
Kusankha zida zopangira magawo
Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga zimaphatikizapo zitsulo monga chitsulo kapena aluminiyamu, mapulasitiki monga ABS, polycarbonate, nayiloni, zinthu monga carbon fiber ndi fiberglass ndi zoumba zina.
Zida zoyenera pazogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto zimatengera zofunikira za pulogalamuyo, komanso mtengo wake ndi kupezeka kwake.Nazi zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha zida zopangira zida zopangira:
❖ Mphamvu.Zipangizo ziyenera kukhala zamphamvu zokwanira kuti zithe kupirira mphamvu zomwe gawo lidzawonekera pogwiritsira ntchito.Zitsulo ndi zitsanzo zabwino za zipangizo zolimba.
❖ Kukhalitsa.Zida ziyenera kupirira kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika pakapita nthawi popanda kunyozeka kapena kuwonongeka.Ma Composites amadziwika chifukwa cha kukhazikika komanso mphamvu.
❖ Kusinthasintha.Malinga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka gawo lomaliza, chinthucho chingafunikire kusinthasintha kuti chigwirizane ndi kusuntha kapena kupindika.Pulasitiki monga polycarbonate ndi nayiloni amadziwika chifukwa chosinthasintha.
❖ Kusamvana kwa kutentha.Ngati gawolo lidzawonekera kutentha kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, zinthuzo ziyenera kupirira kutentha popanda kusungunuka kapena kupunduka.Chitsulo, ABS, ndi zoumba ndi zitsanzo za zipangizo zomwe zimasonyeza kukana kutentha.
Njira zopangira zigawo zopangira
Mitundu inayi ya njira zopangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawo opangira:
❖ Kupanga zinthu zochepa
❖ Kupanga zowonjezera
❖ Kupanga zitsulo
❖ Kuponya
Kupanga kwa subtractive
Kupanga kochotsa - komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kupanga kwachikhalidwe - kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa zinthu kuchokera pachinthu chokulirapo mpaka mawonekedwe omwe akufuna.Kupanga kwa subtractive nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofulumira kuposa kupanga zowonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kupanga ma batch apamwamba kwambiri.Komabe, zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo kwambiri, makamaka poganizira zopangira zida ndi kukhazikitsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatulutsa zinyalala zambiri.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino yopanga subtractive ndi:
❖ Kusindikiza manambala pa kompyuta (CNC).Mtundu waCNC makina, CNC mphero imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chida chodulira kuchotsa zinthu kuchokera ku chipika cholimba kuti apange gawo lomaliza.Imatha kupanga magawo olondola kwambiri komanso olondola muzinthu monga zitsulo, mapulasitiki, ndi kompositi.
❖ Kutembenuka kwa CNC.Komanso mtundu wa makina a CNC, kutembenuka kwa CNC kumagwiritsa ntchito chida chodulira kuti chichotse zinthu zolimba zozungulira.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zokhala ndi ma cylindrical, monga ma valve kapena shafts.
❖ Kupanga zitsulo zamatabwa.Mukupanga mapepala achitsulo, pepala lathyathyathya lachitsulo limadulidwa kapena kupangidwa molingana ndi pulani, nthawi zambiri fayilo ya DXF kapena CAD.
Kupanga zowonjezera
Kupanga kowonjezera - komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kusindikiza kwa 3D - kumatanthawuza njira yomwe zinthu zimawonjezeredwa pamwamba pake kuti zipange gawo.Imatha kupanga mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri omwe sakanatheka ndi njira zachikhalidwe (zochotsa) zopangira, zimatulutsa zinyalala zochepa, ndipo zimatha kukhala zothamanga komanso zotsika mtengo, makamaka popanga magawo ang'onoang'ono a magawo ovuta.Kupanga magawo osavuta, komabe, kumatha kukhala kocheperako kuposa kupanga kocheperako, ndipo kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zilipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kocheperako.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino yopanga zowonjezera ndi izi:
❖ Stereolithography (SLA).Imadziwikanso kuti kusindikiza kwa resin 3D, SLA imagwiritsa ntchito ma lasers a UV ngati gwero lowunikira kuti ichiritse utomoni wa polima ndikupanga gawo lomaliza.
❖ Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM).Imadziwikanso kuti fused filament fabrication (FFF),FDMamamanga zigawo zosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza, kusankha kuika zinthu zosungunuka mu njira anakonzeratu.Amagwiritsa ntchito ma polima a thermoplastic omwe amabwera mu filaments kupanga zinthu zomaliza zakuthupi.
❖ Selective Laser Sintering (SLS).MuKusindikiza kwa SLS 3D, laser imasankha tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta polima ufa, kuwaphatikiza pamodzi ndikumanga gawo, wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza.
❖ Multi Jet Fusion (MJF).Monga ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D wa HP,MJFimatha kutulutsa mwachangu komanso mwachangu magawo okhala ndi mphamvu zolimba kwambiri, mawonekedwe abwino, komanso mawonekedwe amakina odziwika bwino
Kupanga zitsulo
Popanga zitsulo, chitsulo chimapangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ofunidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito makina kapena matenthedwe.Njirayi ikhoza kukhala yotentha kapena yozizira, kutengera chitsulo ndi mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.Zigawo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino komanso zolimba.Komanso, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zinyalala zazing'ono zomwe zimapangidwa poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yopanga.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino yopangira zitsulo ndi:
❖ Kunyenga.Chitsulo chimatenthedwa, ndiyeno chimapangidwa pogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yopondereza.
❖ Kutulutsa.Chitsulo chimakakamizika kupyolera mu kufa kuti apange mawonekedwe ofunidwa kapena mbiri.
❖ Kujambula.Chitsulo chimakokedwa kudzera mu kufa kuti apange mawonekedwe ofunikira kapena mbiri.
❖ Kupinda.Chitsulo chimapindika ku mawonekedwe omwe amafunidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Kuponya
Kuponyera ndi njira yopangira momwe zinthu zamadzimadzi, monga chitsulo, pulasitiki, kapena ceramic, zimatsanuliridwa mu nkhungu ndikuloledwa kulimba kukhala mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawo omwe amakhala olondola kwambiri komanso obwerezabwereza.Casting ndi chisankho chotsika mtengo pakupanga magulu akulu.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino yojambula ndi:
❖ Kuumba jekeseni.Njira yopangira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawojekeseni wosungunukazakuthupi - nthawi zambiri pulasitiki - kukhala nkhungu.Zinthuzo zimaziziritsidwa ndi kulimba, ndipo gawo lomalizidwalo limatulutsidwa mu nkhungu.
❖ Kufa.Mu kufa , chitsulo chosungunuka chimakakamizika kulowa mu nkhungu pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu.Die casting imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri olondola komanso obwerezabwereza.
Kupanga kwa manufacturability ndi magawo opanga
Mapangidwe opanga kapena kupanga (DFM) amatanthawuza njira ya uinjiniya yopangira gawo kapena chida chokhala ndi cholinga choyamba, kupangitsa chinthu chomaliza chomwe chili chogwira mtima komanso chotsika mtengo kupanga.Kusanthula kwa DFM kwa Hubs kumathandizira mainjiniya ndi opanga kupanga, kubwerezabwereza, kufewetsa, ndi kukhathamiritsa mbali zisanapangidwe, kupangitsa kuti ntchito yonse yopanga ikhale yogwira mtima.Popanga magawo omwe ndi osavuta kupanga, nthawi yopangira ndi ndalama zitha kuchepetsedwa, monganso chiopsezo cha zolakwika ndi zolakwika m'magawo omaliza.
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito kusanthula kwa DFM kuti muchepetse mtengo wazomwe mukupanga
❖ Chepetsani zigawo.Nthawi zambiri, zigawo zochepa zomwe gawo limakhala nazo, zimatsitsa nthawi ya msonkhano, chiopsezo kapena zolakwika, komanso mtengo wake wonse.
❖ Kupezeka.Zigawo zomwe zimatha kupangidwa ndi njira zopangira ndi zida zomwe zilipo - komanso zomwe zimakhala zosavuta - ndizosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo kupanga.
❖ Zipangizo ndi zigawo zake.Zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida zokhazikika zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa ndalama, kuwongolera kasamalidwe kazinthu, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zolowa m'malo zimapezeka mosavuta.
❖ Kuwongolera mbali.Ganizirani momwe gawolo likukhalira panthawi yopanga.Izi zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa zothandizira kapena zina zowonjezera zomwe zitha kukulitsa nthawi yonse yopanga ndi mtengo wake.
❖ Pewani njira zochepetsera.Undercuts ndi zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa gawo kuti lichotsedwe mosavuta ku nkhungu kapena kukonza.Kupewa njira zochepetsera kungathandize kuchepetsa nthawi yopangira ndi ndalama, ndikuwongolera gawo lomaliza.
Mtengo wa magawo opanga kupanga
Kulinganiza bwino pakati pa khalidwe ndi mtengo ndikofunika kwambiri pazinthu zopangira zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga.Nazi zinthu zingapo zokhudzana ndi mtengo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira:
❖ Zipangizo.Mtengo wa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zimadalira mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupezeka kwake, ndi kuchuluka kwake komwe kumafunikira.
❖ Zida.Kuphatikizira mtengo wamakina, nkhungu, ndi zida zina zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.
❖ Voliyumu yopanga.Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe mumapanga kumatsika mtengo pagawo lililonse.Izi ndi zoona makamakajekeseni akamaumba, yomwe imapereka chuma chambiri pamadongosolo akuluakulu.
❖ Nthawi zotsogolera.Magawo omwe amapangidwa mwachangu pama projekiti okhudzidwa ndi nthawi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtengo wokwera kuposa omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yotsogolera.
Pezani mawu pompopompokuyerekeza mitengo ndi nthawi zotsogola za magawo anu opanga.
Gwero la nkhani:https://www.hubs.com/knowledge-hub/?topic=CNC+machining
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-14-2023